Leopold of Anhalt-Köthen (28 November 1694 O.S.

– 19 November 1728 N.S.)

is a German prince of the House of Ascania and ruler of the principality of Anhalt-Köthen.

Today, he is probably best remembered for employing Johann Sebastian Bach as his Kapellmeister between 1717 to 1723.

He was born at Köthen, the second (but eldest surviving) son of Emmanuel Lebrecht, Prince of Anhalt-Köthen, by his wife Gisela Agnes of Rath.