Sir Joseph Wilson Swan (31 October 1828 – 27 May 1914) is a British physicist and chemist born in Bishopwearmouth, Sunderland, in 1828.

He is most famous for inventing an incandescent light bulb before its independent invention by the American Thomas Edison.

Swan first demonstrates the light bulb at a lecture in Newcastle upon Tyne on 18 December 1878, but he does not receive a patent until 27 November 1880 (patent No.

4933) after improvement to the original lamp.

His house (in Gateshead, England) is the first in the world lit by a light bulb, and the world's first electric-light illumination in a public building is for a lecture Swan gives in 1880.

In 1881, the Savoy Theatre in the City of Westminster, London is lit by Swan incandescent lightbulbs, the first theaterand the first public building in the world to be lit entirely by electricity.

In 1904, Swan is knighted by King Edward VII, awarded the Royal Society's Hughes Medal, and is made an honorary member of the Pharmaceutical Society.

He had already received the highest decoration in France, the Légion d'honneur, when he visited an international exhibition in Paris in 1881.

The exhibition included exhibits of his inventions, and the city was lit with electric light, thanks to Swan's invention.