Joseph Black FRSE FRCPE FPSG (16 April 1728 – 6 December 1799) is a Scottish physician and chemist, known for his discoveries of latent heat, specific heat, and carbon dioxide.

He is professor of Medicine at University of Glasgow (where he also serves as lecturer in Chemistry).

James Watt, who is appointed as philosophical instrument maker at the same university in 1756, consults with Black on experiments with his steam engine.

Watt and Black also collaborate in project to manufacture sodium hydroxide; however, Black s not known to have any business interest in the process, which does not enjoy commercial success.

The chemistry buildings at both the University of Edinburgh and the University of Glasgow are named after Black.