The allies, after refitting and establishing with great difficulty somewhat more cordial relationships, decide to cruise off the Texel in the hope of drawing De Ruyter out of the Schooneveld and bringing him to action.

In the resultant Battle of Texel, Spragge and Tromp, commanding their respective rear divisions, clash repeatedly—Spragge had publicly sworn an oath in front of King Charles that this time he would either kill or capture his old enemy Tromp—each having their ships so damaged as to need to shift their flags to fresh ships three times.

Spragge drowns on the third occasion, when his ship takes a shot and sinks.

The English, with both fleets exhausted,  eventually abandon their attempt to land troops (the landing force is still waiting in England to be shipped), and both sides retire.

No major ship has been sunk (although several fireships have been expended on each side), but many are seriously damaged and about three thousand men have died, two-thirds of them English or French.

Prince Rupert complains after the battle that the French had not done their share of the fighting, but historians ascribe the lack of French impact on the battle to de Ruyter's brilliant fleet handling.

It is true, however that Count d'Estrées, had strict orders from Louis XIV not to endanger the French fleet, as he himself admitted after the battle.

The battle, despite its inconclusive finish, is a clear strategic victory for the Dutch.

Jean II d'Estrées, born in a noble family from Picardie, is the nephew of Gabrielle d'Estrées, who had been the lover of King Henry IV of France.

Like his father François Annibal d'Estrées, also Marshal of France, Jean had pursued a military career from a very young age, becoming a colonel at twenty-three, a maréchal de camp at twenty-five and a lieutenant general at thirty-three.

He had fought in the Battle of Lens (1648) under the grand Condé, afterwards fightiuing under Turenne in Lorraine in 1652 - 1653, then in Flanders.

He was made prisoner at Valenciennes in 1656 and had been loyal to the Royal family during the Fronde.

Joining the new French Navy in 1668 on the demand of his friend Colbert, his patron in this service is the Duke de Beaufort.

He rises through the ranks very fast, thanks to the influence of his family name (he will become Marshal of France in 1681.)

Such advancement is unjustified, as d'Estrées has no naval experience and furthermore possesses a detestable character that alienates his subordinates.

His first campaign was in the Caribbean, to which he has returned four more times, becoming the French naval specialist in the region.

During the Franco-Dutch War, he has been put in command of the French fleet that is to fight alongside the English fleet against the Dutch.

He had participated on board the Saint Philippe in the Battle of Solebay in 1672 and the next year on the la Reine, in the Battle of Schooneveld and the Battle of Texel.

None of these battles were victories and d'Estrées had been faulted for his hesitant attitude.

He had in 1676 and 1677 succeeded in conquering Gorée, Cayenne and Tobago, destroying the Dutch fleet based there, but these successes were soon to be overshadowed by the disaster of the Las Aves Archipelago.

Admiral d'Estrées and his fleet of seventeen vessels, including several hired buccaneers, is in May 1678 dispatched on a mission to conquer the Dutch-occupied islands of Bonaire and Curacao.

When d'Estrées' fleet passes the Los Roques Archipelago on the way to Bonaire, a small fleet of Dutch boats, seeking to defend themselves from the French attack, sets sail from Curacao destined for Las Aves.

Once assembled on the archipelago, the Dutch maneuver their ships into the heart of Las Aves' lagoon.

As night falls, lanterns are lit.

Simulating the lights of a town, the Dutch sailors hope to persuade the French that they had reached Bonaire, and in so doing, attract the French galleons onto the reef.

The Admiral heads his flagship, the seventy-gun le Terrible, straight for the trap and directly towards the coral reef, against the advice of his subordinates, who suspect the danger.

By the time the breakers are spotted, it is too late: le Terrible cannot avoid the reef.

D’Estrées fires guns to warn off the rest of the fleet, but the crews of the other ships, believing he is under attack by the Dutch, rush to his aid.

One by one, the rest of the vessels in the fleet strike the reef and sink, causing five hundred sailors to drown.

This error of navigation is unique in maritime history, but the nephew of Gabrielle d'Estrées is untouchable.

Louis XIV and Seignelay will continue to give him their confidence.

Michel, Chevalier de Grammont, a nobleman who had come into disfavor after killing his sister's suitor in a duel and was forced to leave France, had in about 1670 gone to Hispaniola, where he had been given a French ship.

Serving as a privateer, his first success had been the capture of a Dutch convoy, valued at about four hundred thousand livres (four million US dollars).

On his next voyage he had run up onto a reef and sunk.

Grammont had then moved to Tortuga, where he bought and outfitted a new ship which he uses to attack Spanish shipping.

When war broke out between France and Holland, he had joined the fleet under the command of Comte d'Estrées for an abortive raid on the Dutch island of Curaçao in which the entire fleet of seventeen vessels had been wrecked on the Los Roques Archipelago (Las Aves).

De Grammont is in June 1678 made commander of the six ships and seven hundred men salvaged from the Las Aves Disaster.

He lands his men in Spanish-held Venezuela and captures Maracaibo, ...

...then follows with the capture and plundering of several smaller towns, penetrating as far inland as Trujillo.