Jean Buridan (Latin: Johannes Buridanus; c. 1301 – c. 1359/62) is an influential 14th‑century French philosopher.

Buridan teaches in the faculty of arts at the University of Paris for his entire career and focuses in particular on logic and on the works of Aristotle. Buridan sows the seeds of the Copernican Revolution in Europe. He develops the concept of impetus, the first step toward the modern concept of inertia and an important development in the history of medieval science. His name is most familiar through the thought experiment known as Buridan's ass, but the thought experiment does not appear in his extant writings.