Hypatia (b. ca.

350–370, d. 415) is an Alexandrine Neoplatonist philosopher in Egypt who is the first well-documented woman in mathematics.

As head of the Platonist school at Alexandria, she also teaches philosophy and astronomy.

As a Neoplatonist philosopher, she belongs to the mathematic tradition of the Academy of Athens, as represented by Eudoxus of Cnidus; she is of the intellectual school of the 3rd century thinker Plotinus, which encourages logic and mathematical study in place of empirical enquiry and strongly encourages law in place of nature.

According to the only contemporary source, Hypatia was murdered by a Christian mob after being accused of exacerbating a conflict between two prominent figures in Alexandria: the governor Orestes and the Bishop of Alexandria.

Kathleen Wider proposes that the murder of Hypatia marked the end of Classical antiquity, and Stephen Greenblatt observes that her murder "effectively marked the downfall of Alexandrian intellectual life".

On the other hand, Maria Dzielska and Christian Wildberg note that Hellenistic philosophy continued to flourish in the 5th and 6th centuries, and perhaps until the age of Justinian.