Hermenegildo de Brito Capelo (Palmela, 1841 – Lisbon, 1917) is an officer in the Portuguese Navy and a Portuguese explorer, helping to chart territory between Angola and Mozambique in southern Central Africa that is unknown to Europeans in the 1870s and 1880s.

Alongside Roberto Ivens, he is famous for being the first European to cross Central Africa from coast to coast between Angola and Mozambique.

Hermenegildo Capelo later rises to become aide-de-camp to King Luis I of Portugal and afterwards to King Carlos I and, later still, vice-admiral.

His military career ends in 1910 when King Manuel II of Portugal is exiled.