Henry Stuart, 1st Duke of Albany (7 December 1545 – 10 February 1567), styled Lord Darnley before 1565, is a King consort of Scotland.

As Queen Elizabeth I of England resents the fact that one of her (former) subjects had been promoted in this manner and refused to recognize his Scots titles, many of the contemporary narratives describing his life and death (those written by English agents) refer to him as Lord Darnley, his title as heir apparent to the Earldom of Lennox, and it is by this appellation that he is now generally known.

He is the first cousin and second husband of Mary, Queen of Scots, and the father of her son King James VI, who succeeds Queen Elizabeth I as King James I of England.

Darnley's descendants include the Stuart monarchs as well as the illegitimate daughter of James VII, Catherine Darnley (the wife of John Sheffield, 1st Duke of Buckingham and Normanby).