Henry Pelham, PC, FRS (September 25, 1694 – March 6, 1754) is a British Whig statesman, who served as Prime Minister of Great Britain from 27 August 1743 until his death.

He is the younger brother of Thomas Pelham-Holles, 1st Duke of Newcastle, who serveds in Pelham's government and succeeds him as Prime Minister.

Pelham is generally considered to have been Britain's third Prime Minister after Sir Robert Walpole and the Earl of Wilmington.

Pelham's premiership is relatively uneventful in terms of domestic affairs.

In foreign affairs, Great Britain fights in several wars.

Upon Pelham's death, his brother Newcastle takes full control of the ministry.