Nepherites I founds the Twenty-ninth Dynasty of ancient Egypt (according to an account preserved in a papyrus in the Brooklyn Museum) by defeating Amyrtaeus in open battle, and later putting him to death at Memphis.

Nepherites makes his capital at Mendes.

This brief dynasty is often considered part of the Late Period.

On Nepherites' death, two rival factions fight for the throne: one behind his son Muthis, and the other supporting a usurper, Psammuthes; although Psammuthes is successful, he only manages to reign for a year before being overthrown by Hakor, who claims to be the grandson of Nepherites I.

Evagoras of Salamis had, for a time, maintained friendly relations with Persia, and secured the aid of Artaxerxes II for Athens against Sparta.

He had taken part in the battle of Cnidus of 394 BCE, for which he provided most of the resources and in which the Spartan fleet was defeated thanks to his efforts; for this service, his statue had been placed by the Athenians alongside that of Conon in the Ceramicus.

Relations between Evagoras and the Persians had then become strained, and from 391, Cyprus and the Achaemenid Empire are virtually at war.

Aided by the Athenians and the Egyptian king Hakor (Achoris), Evagoras extends his rule over the greater part of Cyprus, crosses over to Asia Minor, takes several cities in Phoenicia (including Tyre), and persuades the Cilicians to revolt.

One result of the peace of Antalcidas (387), to which Evagoras refuses to agree, is that the Athenians withdraw their support, since by its terms they recognize he lordship of Persia over Cyprus.

In the ensuing years, Evagoras carries on hostilities single-handed, except for occasional aid from Egypt, which is likewise threatened by the Persians.

The Persian generals Tiribazus and Orontes at last invade Cyprus in 385 BCE.

However, Evagoras manages to cut off this force from being resupplied, and the starving troops rebel.

Egyptian king Hakor revolts against his overlord, the Persian King Artaxerxes, Cyrus, early in his reign, in 390 BCE concluding a tripartite alliance with Evagoras, king of Cyprus, and Athens.

This alliance leads Persia to begin supporting Sparta in the Corinthian War, which eventually leads to the ending of that war by the Peace of Antalcidas in 387/6 BCE.

Artaxerxes II proclaims his authority over the cities of Asia Minor and Cyprus and gives full autonomy to the Greek city states of mainland Greece as long as they do not make war on him.

Persia turns its attention to Egypt after the end of this war, but Hakor, supported by the Athenian general Chabrias, holds them off in a three year war between 385 and 383 BCE.