Francis I (Francis Stephen; 8 December 1708 – 18 August 1765) is Holy Roman Emperor and Grand Duke of Tuscany, though his wife effectively executes the real powers of these positions.

With his wife, Maria Theresa, he is the founder of the Habsburg-Lorraine dynasty.

From 1728 until 1737 he is Duke of Lorraine, but loses this title when Lorraine is seized by France in the War of the Polish Succession; he is compensated with Tuscany in the peace treaty that ends that war.

He is the father of the deposed and later executed French Queen Marie Antoinette.