Dost Mohammad Khan (December 23, 1793 – June 9, 1863) is the Emir of Afghanistan between 1826 and 1863.

He first rules from 1826 to 1839 and then from 1843 to 1863.

He is the 11th son of Sardar Pāyendah Khan (chief of the Barakzai tribe) who is killed by Zaman Shah Durrani in 1799.

He is the grandson of Hajji Jamal Khan, who founded the Barakzai dynasty in Afghanistan.

He belongs to the Pashtun ethnic group.