David Livingstone (19 March 1813 – 1 May 1873) is a Scottish Congregationalist pioneer medical missionary with the London Missionary Society and an explorer in Africa.

His meeting with H. M. Stanley gives rise to the popular quotation "Dr. Livingstone, I presume?"

Perhaps one of the most popular national heroes of the late 19th century in Victorian Britain, Livingstone has a mythic status, which operates on a number of interconnected levels: that of Protestant missionary martyr, that of working-class "rags to riches" inspirational story, that of scientific investigator and explorer, that of imperial reformer, antislavery crusader, and advocate of commercial empire.

His fame as an explorer helps drive forward the obsession with discovering the sources of the River Nile that formthe culmination of the classic period of European geographical discovery and colonial penetration of the African continent.

At the same time, his missionary travels, "disappearance" and death in Africa, and subsequent glorification as posthumous national hero in 1874 leads to the founding of several major central African Christian missionary initiatives carried forward in the era of the European "Scramble for Africa".