Jacob Bernoulli is best known for the work Ars Conjectandi (The Art of Conjecture), published in 1713, eight years after his death, by his nephew Nicholas.

In this work, he describes the known results in probability theory and in enumeration, often providing alternative proofs of known results.

This work also includes the application of probability theory to games of chance and his introduction of the theorem known as the law of large numbers.

The terms Bernoulli trial and Bernoulli numbers result from this work.

The lunar crater Bernoulli is also named after him jointly with his brother Johann.

The Fahrenheits are a German Hanse merchant family who had lived in several Hanseatic cities.

Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit's great-grandfather had lived in Rostock, and research suggests that the Fahrenheit family originated in Hildesheim.

Daniel's grandfather had moved from Kneiphof in Königsberg (Kaliningrad) to Danzig and settled there as a merchant in 1650.

His son, Daniel Fahrenheit (the father of the inventor), had married Concordia Schumann, daughter of a well-known Danzig business family.

Their son Daniel is the eldest of the five Fahrenheit children (two sons, three daughters) who survive childhood.

His sister, Virginia Elizabeth Fahrenheit, marries Benjamin Ephraim Krueger of an aristocratic Danzig family.

Daniel Fahrenheit had begun training as a chemist in Amsterdam after his parents died on August 14, 1701, from eating poisonous mushrooms.

However, Fahrenheit's interest in natural science had led him to begin studies and experimentation in that field.

Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit in about 1713 switches from using alcohol to mercury as the thermometric fluid in his thermometers, creating the first mercury-in-glass thermometer.