Llywelyn ap Gruffudd, Prince of Wales, and King Edward I of England sign the Treaty of Aberconwy in 1277, ending the First Welsh War in exchange for restrictions on Llywelyn's power.

Dafydd ap Gruffydd, brother of Prince of Wales Llywelyn ap Gruffudd, attacks an English castle; his brother feels compelled to support him despite being unprepared for war.

Their actions lead to the final English conquest of Wales by King Edward I of England.

Roger de Mortimer, whose advantageous marriage had greatly increased hid Anglo-Norman family's wealth and power, has warred sporadically with the Welsh prince, in 1277 supporting England’s King Edward I, called Longshanks, against Llewelyn.

Mortimer takes part in Edward I's 1282 campaign against Llewelyn the Last, and is put in charge of operations in mid-Wales.

It is a major setback for Edward in October 1282 when Mortimer dies.

Llywelyn ap Gruffudd is killed on December 11 at the Battle of Orewin Bridge in mid-Wales, and the Welsh suffer their final decisive defeat at the hands of the English.

Dafydd ap Gruffydd becomes the last Tywysog of Gwynedd and Prince of Wales.

Dafydd is leader of his nation only for a few months after his brother's death.

Edward I of England by January 1283 has the heartland of independent Wales ringed with a massive army.

Dafydd initially operates from Dolwyddelan and is supported by various royal refugees from Powys Fadog and Deheubarth; including Rhys Wyndod, Rhys Ieuanc and the sons of Maredudd ab Owain.

With limited resources of manpower and equipment available the passes leading to Dolwyddelan becomes indefensible and …

…Dafydd moves down to Castell y Bere.

Castell y Bere is besieged in April by over three thousand men, and on April 25 the small Welsh garrison, commanded by Cynfrig ap Madog, surrenders.

Dafydd escapes the siege and moves north to …

…Dolbadarn Castle, a guardpost in the Peris Valley at the foot of Snowdon.

He is forced in May 1283 to move again, this time to …

…the mountains above the Welsh royal home in Abergwyngregyn.

Dafydd and his younger son Owain ap Dafydd are captured on June 22 at Nanhysglain, a secret hiding place in a bog by Bera Mountain to the south of Abergwyngregyn.

Dafydd, seriously wounded in the struggle, is brought to King Edward's camp at Rhuddlan that same night (Cotton Vesp. B xi, f30).

Dafydd is taken from here to Chester and then on to Shrewsbury.

Dafydd's wife Elizabeth de Ferrers, their daughter Gwladys, infant niece Gwenllian ferch Llywelyn, and Dafydd's six illegitimate daughters were also taken prisoner at the same time.

Whether they were with Dafydd and Owain at Bera is not recorded, but it is likely.

Llywelyn ap Dafydd is captured on June 28, and Welsh resistance to the invasion temporarily comes to an end.

Edward on June 28, issued writs to summon a parliament to meet at Shrewsbury, to discuss Dafydd's fate.

Dafydd ap Gruffudd, Prince of Wales, is on September 30 condemned to death, the first person known to have been tried and executed for what from this time onward will be described as high treason against the King.

Edward ensured that Dafydd's death was to be slow and agonizing, and also historic; Daffyds has the dubious distinction of being the first prominent person to be executed by drawing and quartering, preceded by a number of minor knights earlier in the thirteenth century.

The condemned man is attached to a horse's tail and dragged to the gallows, hanged by the neck briefly, revived and, while still alive, disemboweled (drawn).

His entrails are then burned before him and his body divided into four parts.

Dafydd's daughter Gwladys, like her cousin Gwenllian ferch Llywelyn, is sent to a convent in Lincolnshire—Gwenllian to Sempringham and Gwladys to Sixhills, where she will die in 1336.

Dafydd's sons are both imprisoned at Bristol Castle; Llywelyn ap Dafydd will die at Bristol Castle in mysterious circumstances in 1287 or 1288, while Owain ap Dafydd is last found living in August 1325.

Dafydd may have had another (illegitimate) son, Dafydd Goch, who survived.

One cadet member of the ruling House of Cunedda also survives, Madog ap Llywelyn, who in 1294-95 will lead a nationwide revolt.