Charles I, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel, welcomes the expelled Huguenots, giving them freedom of worship, following the Revocation of the Edict of Nantes in France in 1685.  

Some four thousand Huguenots settle in Kassel.

Charles stimulates the metallurgical industry and is also interested in archaeology.

Born at Kassel, Charles is the son of William VI of Hesse-Kassel and Hedwig Sophia of Brandenburg, daughter of Georg Wilhelm, Elector of Brandenburg.

After the early death of his father, his mother ruled as regent until 1675; then Charles ruled, and will do so for fifty-five years.

Under his rule, Kassel has recovered faster from the Thirty Years' War than other regions in Germany.

Brandenburg and ...

...Saxony also join the alliance against against Louis.

The gambit to bring the Germans to terms, although militarily successful, as well as strengthening the Turkish resolve in the Balkans, fails.

Just after the initial attack in October 1688, Hanover and ...

...Hesse-Kassel had agreed to fight Louis.

Charles I, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel, has built a relatively large army, which he has rented to the highest bidder in the War of Spanish Succession.

Exiled from Berlin for his atheistic stance, Christian Wolff presently proceeds from Saxony to Marburg in Hesse-Kassel, to whose university he had received a call even before this crisis, which is now renewed.

Charles I, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel, receives him with every mark of distinction, and the circumstances of his expulsion draw universal attention to his philosophy.

It is everywhere discussed.