Catherine Jagiellon of Poland (Lithuanian: Kotryna Jogailaitė; Polish: Katarzyna Jagiellonka; Finnish: Katariina Jagellonica; Swedish: Katarina Jagellonica av Polen; 1 November 1526 – 16 September 1583) is Duchess of Finland 1562-83, Queen Consort of Sweden 1569-83 and Grand Princess of Finland 1581-83 and heir to her mother's claim to the title of King of Jerusalem.

She is born the youngest daughter of Poland's King and Lithuanian Grand Duke Zygmunt I the Old and Bona Sforza.

Catherine becomes the wife of Sweden's King John III and mother to the future King of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, Sigismund III Vasa.

Tsar Ivan IV of Russia, is among her suitors.