Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay CIE (angliczed as Bankim Chandra Chatterjee; 26 or 27 June 1838  – 8 April 1894) was an Indian Bengali novelist, poet, essayist, and journalist. He was the author of the 1882 Bengali language novel Anandamath, which is one of the landmarks of modern Bengali and Indian literature. He was the composer of Vande Mataram, written in highly Sanskritized Bengali, personifying India as a mother goddess and inspiring activists during the Indian Independence Movement. Chattopadhayay wrote fourteen novels and many serious, serio-comic, satirical, scientific and critical treatises in Bengali. He is known as Sahitya Samrat (Emperor of Literature) in Bengali.