Mirza Abu Zafar Siraj-ud-din Muhammad Bahadur Shah Zafar (October 24, 1775 – November 7, 1862) is the last Mughal emperor.

He is the second son of and becomes the successor to his father, Akbar II, upon his death on September 28, 1837.

He is a nominal Emperor, as the Mughal Empire exists in name only and his authority is limited only to the walled city of Old Delhi (Shahjahanbad).

Following his involvement in the Indian Rebellion of 1857, the British exile him to Rangoon in British-controlled Burma (now in Myanmar), after convicting him on conspiracy charges.

Zafar's father, Akbar II had been imprisoned by the British and he was not his father's preferred choice as his successor.

One of Akbar Shah's queens, Mumtaz Begum, had pressured him to declare her son, Mirza Jahangir, as his successor.

However, The East India Company had exiled Jahangir after he attacked their resident, in the Red Fort, paving the way for Zafar to assume the throne.