Atahualpa, also Atahuallpa, Atabalipa (in hispanicized spellings) or Atawallpa (Aymara and Quechua)(c.1500–26 July 1533) is the last Sapa Inca (sovereign emperor) of the Inca Empire (Tawantinsuyu) before the Spanish conquest.

Atahualpa becomes emperor when he defeats and executed his older half-brother Huáscar in a civil war sparked by the death of their father, Inca Huayna Capac, from an infectious disease (possibly smallpox).

During the Spanish conquest, the Spaniard Francisco Pizarro captures Atahualpa and uses him to control the Inca Empire.

Eventually, the Spanish execute Atahualpa, effectively ending the empire.

Although a succession of several emperors who lead the Inca resistance against the invading Spaniards will claim the title of Sapa Inca as rulers of the Neo-Inca State, the empire begins to disintegrate after Atahualpa's death.