Diodotus, intending to cow the Jews, is about to enter Judea when he is confronted by Jonathan’s brother, Simon, ready for battle.
Simon, who has quietly and loyally served under his other brothers, all now dead, is a man of character and prudence as well as a born leader.
Diodotus, avoiding an engagement, demands one hundred talents and Jonathan's two sons as hostages, in return for which he promises to liberate Jonathan.
Although Simon does not trust Diodotus Tryphon, he complies with the request in order that he might not be accused of the death of his brother.
However, Diodotus, angry that Simon has everywhere blocked his way and that he can accomplish nothing, executes Jonathan; nothing is known of his two captive sons.
The Hasmonean revolt, waged by the orthodox Jews of southern Syria against Seleucid rule over Judah, has been largely successful.
Simon secures from Diodotus, in the name of the general’s ward, Antiochus VI, exemption from taxation for the Jews and the right to issue his own coins.
The Jews pass a decree in Simon's honor, granting the right of permanent incumbency to Simon and to his successors, until "an accredited prophet" should arise.
It is thus during Simon's reign that the rule of the priest-prince will be transformed into a secular hereditary rule.