Ptolemy X Alexander orders the death of his mother, Cleopatra III, in 101 BCE, and from this point rules either alone or with his niece/wife, Berenice III, the daughter of his brother Soter and either Cleopatra Selene or Cleopatra IV, who he marries following his murder of her grandmother.

The death of Cleopatra III effectively ends the protracted civil war in Syria.

Antiochus IX’s mother, Cleopatra Thea, upon the death of his father in Parthia and his uncle Demetrius II Nicator's return to power in 129 BCE, had sent him to Cyzicus on the Bosporus, thus giving him his nickname, Cyzicenus.

He had returned to Syria in 116 BCE to claim the Seleucid throne from his half-brother/cousin Antiochus VIII Grypus, with whom he had eventually divided Syria.

He is killed in battle by the son of Grypus, Seleucus VI Epiphanes, in 96 BCE.