Alfonso III and the Suppression of the Alavés Rebellion (867–868 CE)

Between 867 and 868 CE, King Alfonso III of Asturias, with the assistance of Rodrigo of Castile, successfully defeats the Alavés rebellion led by the Basque magnate Eglyón.

As a reward for his loyalty and military service, Rodrigo is granted the title of Count of Álava, further strengthening Christian rule in the eastern march and securing Asturian control over the Basque frontier.

The Conclusion of the War of the Three Sanchos (1067 CE)

As the War of the Three Sanchos continues, Sancho II of Castile regains Álava and ...

The Founding of Nueva Victoria by Sancho VI of Navarre (1181)

In 1181, Sancho VI of Navarre established the town of Nueva Victoria as a defensive outpost, strategically positioned atop a hill at the site of the earlier settlement of Gasteiz. This fortified town was part of his broader effort to strengthen Navarre’s frontiers, particularly against the growing influence of neighboring Castile.

Nueva Victoria, later known as Vitoria-Gasteiz, would become a key military and administrative center, playing a crucial role in the region’s defense and political evolution. Over time, it developed into one of the most important cities in the Basque Country, maintaining its strategic and cultural significance throughout Iberian history.