Legend has it that Attila built a castle on top of a hill north of Aquileia to watch the city burn, thus founding the town of Udine, where the castle can still be found.

Dukes Gisulf II of Friuli and Gaidoald of Trent had been at odds with King Agilulf until they made peace in 602 or 603.

Gisulf had also allied with the Avars to make war on Istria.

Gisulf is involved in the local church.

The bishops of "the schismatics of Istria and Venetia," as Paul the Deacon calls them, had fled to the protection of Gisulf.

Gisulf had also taken part in the confirmation of the succession of Candidianus to the patriarchate of Aquileia in 606.

The most significant event of his reign occurs probably in 611.

When the Avars invade Italy, Gisulf's territory is the first they pass through.

Gisulf summons a large army and goes to meet them.

The Avars are a larger force, however, and they soon overwhelm the Lombards.

Gisulf dies in battle, and his duchy is overrun.

He leaves four sons and four daughters by his wife Romilda (or Ramhilde).

His elder two sons, Tasso and Kakko, along with their younger brothers Radoald, and Grimoald, escapes the Avars and evade capture, successfully setting themselves up as Gisulf's successors.

Of two of Gisulf’s daughters, Appa and Geila (or Gaila), Paul the Deacon says that one married the King of the Alemanni (uncertain) and another the Prince of the Bavarians, probably Garibald II of Bavaria, but he does not identify who married whom.

The claim of Ottokar II to Friuli, acquired by him in 1272, is once again contested by the Hungarians on the field of battle.

After another victory, he becomes the most powerful king within the Empire.

Odoric of Pordenone reaches Italy in 1330, where he dictates a vivid account of his extensive travels throughout the Far East before his death on January 14, 1331.

Nicolaus of Luxemburg was born in Prague, the illegitimate son of King John of Bohemia (John the Blind).

On August 2, 1342, Pope Clement VI had proclaimed him provost of the Diocese of Prague, following John's wish.

In the same year, Nicolaus was named canon of Vyšehrad.

In a document from 1348, Nicolaus calls himself dean of the church of Olmütz and royal chancellor.

Clement VI appoints Nicolaus bishop of Naumburg on January 7, 1349, as one of the opponents to Johann of Miltitz.

Nicolaus cannot stand his ground; possibly he was only nominated but never took the office.

On October 31, 1350, Nicolaus becomes the new patriarch of Aquileia.

In May 1351, Nicolaus arrives at Udine.

During his term of office, he plans to found a commercial center called "Carola" together with his half-brother, the future emperor Charles IV.

This project is not to be realized.

The very year of his establishment, he has to face an attack by Henry III, Count of Gorizia, who destroys Cassacco, and by Albert II of Austria, who occupies Carnia, Venzone, Udine, Gemona and besieges Cividale.

However, the patriarchate is able to escape by giving Venzone and some other castles to the Austrians.

At the end of 1351 and beginning of 1352, some noblemen are executed by order of the new patriarch.

The men are said to have participated in the murder of the patriarch’s predecessor, Bertram of St. Genesius, two years before.

In 1353, Charles IV consents to the erection of a studium generale at Cividale.

In October 1354, he visits the Patriarchate of Aquileia on his way to Rome.

During his stay, Nicolaus presents him a much sought-after relic, two pages of St. Marc’s gospel.

Nicolaus accompanies his half-brother on his way through Italy.

Like his predecessor, Nicolaus takes part in an alliance against the Republic of Venice with the counts of Gorizia, Francesco I da Carrara, lord of Padua, his half brother Charles IV, Louis I of Hungary and the dukes of Austria.

The league's troops occupy Grado and Muggia (1356), while Louis strips Venice of most of Dalmatia.

The siege of Treviso (July–September 1356) is a failure, but Venice suffers a severe defeat at Nervesa (January 13, 1358), being forced to cede Dalmatia and Croatia to Hungary.

Nicolaus dies at Belluno in 1358.

The cause is unknown—it is assumed, by sickness.

He is buried in Udine underneath the main altar of the church.

…Udine.

This dispute becomes, in 1411, a war that is to mark the end of the Patriarchate, Cividale having received support from most of the Friulian communes, the Carraresi of Padua, King Sigismund of Germany, also King of Hungary, while Udine is backed by the Venetians.

An imperial army captures Udine in December of this year.

Udine, the patriarchate's capital, resists the troops of Tristano Savorgnan.

Louis receives the support of Henry VI of Gorizia.

Six thousand patriarchal and Hungarian troops, backed by the Carraresi of Padua and the counts of Oltenburg, besiege Cividale for one hundred and fifteen days, but are defeated by a rescue army sent by Venice in December 1419.

Henry is captured, while Louis flees to Hungary.

The successful campaign waged in Friuli by the Venetians leads to their solid control over the region by 1419, resulting in the expansion of Venice’s borders northward to the Carnic Alps and eastward to the Julian Alps.

A truce made by Venice with with King Sigismund of Hungary had settled the situation in Dalmatia in 1408 but the difficulties experienced by Hungary in recent years have finally granted to the Republic the consolidation of its Adriatic dominions.

At the expiration of the truce, Venice immediately invades the Patriarchate of Aquileia, bringing Udine under Venetian control in 1420.

Operations in the Ottoman-Venetian War had been reduced mostly to isolated ravages and guerrilla attacks, until the Ottomans mounted a massive counteroffensive in 1470: this has Venice losing its main stronghold in the Aegean Sea, Negroponte.

The Venetians seek an alliance with the chief of the Ak Qoyunlu Turkmen confederation, with the Karamanids and with other European powers, but, receiving only limited support, can make only small-scale attacks at Antalya, Halicarnassus and Smirne.

However, the Ottomans conquer the Peloponnesus and launch an offensive in Venetian mainland, closing in on the important center of Udine.

The Turkmen, together with the Karamanian amir, are severely defeated at Terdguin, and the Republic is left alone.

Much of Albania had been lost to the Ottomans after Skanderbeg's death.

However, the heroic resistance of Scutari under Antonio Loredan had forced the Ottomans to retire from Albania, while a revolt in Cyprus had given back the island to the Cornaro family and, subsequently, to Venice in 1473.

The Serenissima’s prestige seems reassured, but Scutari falls anyway two years later, and Friuli is again invaded and ravaged.