The Visigoths capture the city of Dertosa.

They arrest and execute Peter, a Roman usurper of the early sixth century, recorded in two minor sources: the Consularia Caesaraugustana and the Victoris Tunnunnensis Chronicon.

He was a "tyrant" (meaning usurper) against the Visigothic rulers of Spain, with his head being sent as a trophy to Saragossa.

Nothing else is known about him, but he seems to be the second Roman governor (after Burdunellus) to try to usurp legitimate authority in the Ebro valley of Spain after the fall of the Western Roman Empire.

…Tortosa, and …

…captures Tortosa and …

The Republic of Genoa, confronted with important financial difficulty due to the expenses of its Spanish crusade, has to sell the city of Tortosa to the count of Barcelona, which had been conquered in 1148 during that same crusade.

The Disputation of Tortosa, one of the most famous of the ordered disputations between Christians and Jews of the Middle Ages, is held in the years 1413–1414 in the city of Tortosa, Catalonia, Crown of Aragon (nowadays in Spain).

Not free and authentic debate, it is rather merely an attempt by Christians to force conversion on the Jews.

Antipope Benedict XIII, in part to bolster faltering support for his papacy, had initiated the yearlong Disputation of Tortosa in 1413, which is to become the most prominent Christian–Jewish disputation of the Middle Ages.

The initiator of the disputation and representative for the Christians is the antipope's personal physician, the Jewish Christian convert Gerónimo de Santa Fe.

After his conversion to Christianity, he had presented Antipope Benedict XIII with a composition containing topics to contest with his former co-religionists.

The aging antipope, who rejoiced at religious debate, had jumped at the opportunity to bring the Jews to a disputation.

King Ferdinand I of Aragon had not stood in his way, and letters of invitation had been sent to the various Jewish communities in 1413.

Attempts by the Jews to free themselves of this had not been successful.

Benedict is also mentioned for his oppressive laws against the Jews.

These laws will be repealed by Pope Martin V, after he receives a mission of Jews, sent by the famous synod convoked by the Jews in Forlì, in 1418.

Among the participants on the Jewish side are Profiat Duran and Yosef Albo as well as other rabbinic scholars such as Zerachia HaLevi, Moshe ben Abbas, and Astruc ha-Levi.

Each one is a representative of a different community.

Vincent Ferrer, later canonized, is an important participant on the Christian side.

The Jewish representatives are at a considerable disadvantage—where Nahmanides at the Disputation of Barcelona and the Jewish representatives at the Disputation of Paris had been granted immunity, "every Jewish attempt to respond to the Christian charges was met with the threat of the accusation of heresy".

(Madeleine Pelner Cosman and Linda Gale Jones (2008).

Handbook of Life in the Medieval World.

Infobase Publishing.)

The disputation is not a free discussion between two parties but takes the form of a propaganda attack by the Christian side against Jews, including the use of psychological pressure in the form of intimidation and threats.

Benedict claims victory and he gives instructions by which all books of the Talmud will be handed over to his functionaries for censorship.

Ferdinand’s agreement in 1416 to depose the antipope Benedict XIII, thereby helping to end the Western Schism, which has divided the Western Church for nearly forty years, is the most notable accomplishment of the Aragonese king's brief reign.

Compulsory conversions of the Jews have continued, although not given official encouragement.

However, Jews who have been coerced into becoming Christian can, if they wish, return to their own religion.

Vincent Ferrer passes through the communities and compels the Jews to hear his sermons, then takes his campaign north to France in 1416; this year a new king, Alfonso V, takes the throne in Aragon, and subsequently reverses all the anti-Jewish legislation of the Ferrer epoch, protecting the Jews and conversos firmly from the start of his reign and rejecting all attacks on them.

Most of the damage caused as a result of the disputation has been to morale.

Aragon Jewry has suffered a hard blow and many of its dignitaries and wealthy converted.

The feeling is that the Jews had gotten the worst of it in the confrontation with Geronimo.

The French Army of Aragon under its commander, General Suchet, captures the town of Tortosa from the Spanish in Catalonia on January 2, 1811, after a two-week siege.

The French Army of Aragon under its commander, General Suchet, captures the town of Tortosa from the Spanish in Catalonia on January 2, 1811, after a two-week siege.