Dionysius leads an expedition against Rhegium and other Greek cities of southern Italy after 390, and …

Dionysius has become the chief power in Greek Italy by the time Rhegium falls to Syracuse in 386.

…leads the plunder-laden Visigoths south, where they overrun the city of Reggio de Calabria.

They procure ships and set sail, but are driven back by a storm, with their fleet destroyed and many of his soldiers drowned.

Authari sweeps through the peninsula all the way to Reggio, vowing to take Calabria—a vow never to be kept by any Lombard.

…southern Italy.

Although Leo is an able commander, he neglects to maintain strong naval forces in the western Mediterranean and thus further weakens Roman power there.

Constantinople’s conquest of Calabria in 885 succeeds in driving the Saracens from southern Italy, which is organized into the provinces of Calabria and Langobardia, but …

The Fatimid caliph, after successfully suppressing a revolt, had appointed Hassan al-Kalbi as Emir of Sicily, the first of the Kalbids, a Muslim Arab dynasty that rules in Sicily from 948 to 1053.

In 952, Kalbid forces defeat Constantinople’s garrisons in Calabria.

…Calabria in the 1050s.

Robert Guiscard, sent by his older brothers to Calabria to attack imperial territory, begins his campaign by pillaging the countryside and ransoming its people.

Guiscard, at the time of the opening of the Melfitan council in June, had been leading an army in Calabria in the first strong attempt to subjugate that imperial Roman province since the campaigns of Iron-Arm with Guaimar.

After attending the synod for his investiture, Guiscard had returned to Calabria, where his army was besieging Cariati.

After his arrival, Cariati submitted and, before winter was out, Rossano and Gerace followed.

Only Reggio is left in imperial hands when Guiscard returns to Apulia.

In Apulia, he works to remove the imperial garrisons from Taranto and Brindisi, before, largely in preparation for his planned Sicilian expedition, he returns again to Calabria, where Roger is waiting with siege engines.

The fall of Reggio, after a long and arduous siege, and …

Calabria, formerly known as Southern Apulia, becomes part of the Kingdom of Naples following Peter III’s takeover in the War of the Sicilian Vespers.