England, having made gains on Scottish territory in 1092, annexes southern Wales in the following year.

Roger of Montgomery builds the first castle at the site of Pembroke when he fortifies the promontory during the Norman invasion of Wales.

A Norman motte-and-bailey with earthen ramparts and a timber palisade, the castle is sited on a strategic rocky promontory by Cleddau Estuary.

The Pembroke Welsh Corgi lineage has been traced back as far as 1107, when Flemish weavers, at the instigation of Henry I, bring small schipperkelike dogs to England, where they are soon crossed with the local breeds—probably early Cardigan corgi types—to produce the Pembroke Welsh corgi, a long-cast, short-legged working dog.

As far back as the tenth century, Corgis were herding sheep, geese, ducks, horses and cattle as one of the oldest herding breed of dogs.

Richard Marshal, Third Earl of Pembroke, who holds lands in Longueville, France, in Wales and also in Ireland, has come to the fore as the leader of the baronial party, and the chief antagonist of the foreign friends of King Henry III, notably the Poitevins Peter des Roches, Bishop of Winchester, and Peter de Rivaux, an influential courtier.

Fearing their treachery, he had refused in August 1233 to visit King Henry III at Gloucester, and King Henry had declared him a traitor.

Hubert de Burgh in 1233 escapes from Devizes Castle and joins Marshal’s rebellion.

A truce is reached in March 1234 between the king and Richard Marshal, the condition of which is the removal of Peter de Rivaux from court.

Meanwhile, however, conflict has broken out in Ireland between Marshal's brothers and some of the king's supporters.

Hostilities follow, and …

…Richard makes an alliance with the Welsh prince Llywelyn the Great.

He crosses from Wales to Ireland, where Peter des Roches had allegedly instigated his enemies to attack him.