Madison Dane Wisconsin United States
Years: 477BCE - 334BCE
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Early Woodland cultures occupy portions of Wisconsin by about 600, living by hunting, fishing, and collecting seeds.
Farming has begun to replace hunting and gathering as a means of supplying food by the time of the Early Woodland period that begins in Wisconsin around 500 BCE.
This allows for the creation of permanent settlements.
With permanent settlement come more advanced art and pottery.
The first large mounds are built during this period, mainly for burial purposes.
The Erie Canal has facilitated the travel of both Yankee settlers and European immigrants to Wisconsin Territory.
Yankees from New England and upstate New York had seized a dominant position in law and politics, enacting policies that marginalized the region's earlier Native American and French-Canadian residents.
Yankees have also speculated in real estate, platted towns such as Racine, Beloit, Burlington, and Janesville, and established schools, civic institutions, and Congregationalist churches.
At the same time, many Germans, Irish, Norwegians, and other immigrants have also settled in towns and farms across the territory, establishing Catholic and Lutheran institutions.
The growing population has allowed Wisconsin to gain statehood.
The Wisconsin Constitution provides for "the establishment of a state university, at or near the seat of state government..." and directed by the state legislature to be governed by a board of regents and administered by a Chancellor.
Nelson Dewey, Wisconsin's first governor, signs the act that formally creates the University of Wisconsin.
John H. Lathrop will become the university's first chancellor, in the fall of 1849.
With John W. Sterling as the university's first professor (mathematics), the first class of seventeen students will meet at Madison Female Academy on February 5, 1849.
Over a third of residents (one hundred and ten thousand five hundred) are foreign born, including thirty-eight thousand Germans, twenty-eight thousand British immigrants from England, Scotland, and Wales, and twenty-one thousand Irish.
Another third (one hundred and three thousand) are Yankees from New England and western New York state.
Only about sixty-three thousand residents in 1850 had been born in Wisconsin.
Nelson Dewey, the first governor of Wisconsin, a Democrat, had overseen the transition from the territorial to the new state government.
He encourages the development of the state's infrastructure, particularly the construction of new roads, railroads, canals, and harbors, as well as the improvement of the Fox and Wisconsin Rivers.
During his administration, the State Board of Public Works is organized.
Dewey, an abolitionist, is the first of many Wisconsin governors to advocate against the spread of slavery into new states and territories.
Robert M. La Follette refuses a bribe offered by powerful Wisconsin republican Senator Philetus Sawyer.
According to his autobiography, La Follette experienced a political epiphany in 1891 after Sawyer attempted to bribe him.
La Follette claims that Sawyer offered the bribe so that La Follette would influence his brother-in-law, Judge Robert G. Siebecker, who was presiding over a case involving state funds that Republican officials had allegedly embezzled.
La Follette's public allegation of bribery precipitates a split with many friends and party leaders, though he continues to support Republican candidates like John Coit Spooner.
Robert La Follette, now a political pariah, campaigns unsuccessfully in 1896 for governor of Wisconsin against the corrupt state party machine.
According to his autobiography, La Follette had experienced a political epiphany in 1891 after Senator Philetus Sawyer attempted to bribe him.
La Follette claimed that Sawyer offered the bribe so that La Follette would influence his brother-in-law, Judge Robert G. Siebecker, who was presiding over a case involving state funds that Republican officials had allegedly embezzled.
La Follette's public allegation of bribery had precipitated a split with many friends and party leaders, though he continued to support Republican candidates like John Coit Spooner.
He also strongly endorses McKinley's successful run for president in the 1896 election, and he denounces Democratic presidential nominee William Jennings Bryan as a radical.
Rather than bolting the party or retiring from politics, La Follette begins building a coalition of dissatisfied Republicans, many of whom are relatively young and well-educated.
Among his key allies are former governor William D. Hoard and Isaac Stephenson, the latter of whom publish a pro-La Follette newspaper.
La Follette's coalition also includes many individuals from the state's large Scandinavian population, including Nils P. Haugen, Irvine Lenroot, and James O. Davidson.
Beginning in 1894, La Follette's coalition had focused on winning the office of Governor of Wisconsin.
With La Follette serving as his campaign manager, Haugen had sought the Republican nomination for governor in 1894, but he was defeated by William H. Upham.
La Follette runs for the Republican gubernatorial nomination in 1896, but he os beaten by Edward Scofield; La Follette alleges that Scofield only won the nomination after conservative party leaders bribed some Republican delegates.
La Follette declines to run as an independent despite the pleas of some supporters, and after the election he turns down an offer from President McKinley to serve as the Comptroller of the Currency.
Robert La Follette had begun advocating the replacement of party caucuses and conventions, the traditional method of partisan nominations for office, with primary elections, which allow voters to directly choose party nominees.
He also denounces the power of corporations, charging that they have taken control of the Republican Party.
These progressive stances have become increasingly popular in the wake of the Panic of 1893, a severe economic downturn that had caused many to reevaluate their political beliefs.
La Follette runs for governor of Wisconsin for the second time in 1898, but he is once again defeated by Edward Scofield in the Republican primary.
“History is not a burden on the memory but an illumination of the soul.”
—Lord Acton, Lectures on Modern History (1906)