Guatemala Guatemala Guatemala
Years: 11277BCE - 9550BCE
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The first evidence of human settlers in Guatemala goes back to at least 12,000 BCE.
There is evidence that may put this date as early as 18,000 BCE, such as obsidian arrow heads, both the northern "Clovis" and southern "fishtail" styles, have been found in different parts of Guatemala such, as Piedra Parada near Guatemala city, Chivacabé in Huehuetenango, Chajbal in Quiché, Nahualá in Sololá, and other regions.
A settlement at Los Taplales, Guatemala may be twelve thousand nine hundred years old.
...in the Captaincy General of Guatemala, in particular, the intendancy lays the groundwork for the future independent nations of the nineteenth century.
The Captaincy General of Guatemala between 1810 and 1814 elects seven representatives to the Cádiz Cortes, in addition to forming a locally elected Provincial Deputation.
A brief period of monarchy (1821–23), called the First Mexican Empire, is followed by the founding of the Republic of Mexico, established under a federal constitution in 1824.
Legal racial categories are eliminated, abolishing the system of castas.
Slavery is not abolished at independence in 1821 or with the constitution in 1824, but will be eliminated in 1829.
The Spanish Captain General, Gabino Gaínza, sympathizes with the rebels and it is decided that he should stay on as interim leader until a new government can be formed.
Independence is short-lived, for the conservative leaders in Guatemala welcome annexation by the First Mexican Empire of Agustín de Iturbide on January 5, 1822.
Central American liberals object to this, but an army from Mexico under General Vicente Filisola occupies Guatemala City and quells dissent.
When Mexico becomes a republic the following year, it acknowledges Central America's right to determine its own destiny.
On July 1, 1823, the congress of Central America declares absolute independence from Spain, Mexico, and any other foreign nation, including North Americas, and a Republican system of government is established.
In 1823, the nation of Central America is formed.
Intended to be a federal republic modeled after the United States of America, it is provisionally known as "The United Provinces of Central America," while the final name according to the Constitution of 1824 is "The Federal Republic of Central America."
It is sometimes incorrectly referred in English as "The United States of Central America."
The Central American nation consists of the states of Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Costa Rica.
A congress of Central American criollos in 1821 declares their independence from Spain, effective on 15 September of this year.
This date is still marked as the independence day by most Central American nations, today's Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua and Costa Rica.
The Spanish Captain General, Gabino Gaínza, sympathizes with the rebels and it is decided that he should stay on as interim leader until a new government can be formed.
Central American independence is short-lived, for the conservative leaders in Guatemala welcome annexation by the First Mexican Empire of Agustín de Iturbide on January 5, 1822.
Central American liberals object to this, but an army from Mexico under General Vicente Filisola occupies Guatemala City and quells dissent.
“And in the absence of facts, myth rushes in, the kudzu of history.”
― Stacy Schiff, Cleopatra: A Life (2010)