Alexander at last takes steps to destroy Parmenio and his family at Phrada, the capital of Drangiana (either near modern Nad-e 'Ali in Seistan or farther north at Farah).
Philotas, the son of Parmenio and commander of the elite Companion cavalry, is implicated in an alleged plot against Alexander's life, condemned by the army, and executed; and, as a matter of practical politics, a secret message is sent to Cleander, Parmenio's second in command, who obediently assassinates him.
This ruthless action excites widespread horror but strengthens Alexander's position relative to his critics and those whom he regards as his father's men.
Ptolemy, having taken part in Alexander's European campaigns of 336-335, in the fall of 330, is appointed personal bodyguard (somatophylax) to Alexander.
All Parmenio's adherents are now eliminated and men close to Alexander promoted.
The Companion cavalry is reorganized in two sections, each containing four squadrons (now known as hipparchies); one group is commanded by Alexander's oldest friend, Hephaestion, the other by Cleitus, an older man.
