Archelaus, deemed incompetent by Augustus, is replaced in CE 6 with a prefect; in contrast, his brother Antipas will govern Galilee and Perea successfully for forty-two years.

Antipas restores the damage caused in the period between his father's death and the approval of the will.

Part of his solution is to follow in his father's footsteps as a builder.

He rebuilds and fortifies Sepphoris, while also adding a wall to Betharamphtha in Perea, renaming the latter city Livias after Augustus' wife Livia, and later Julias after his daughter.

Philip, tetrarch of Ituraea and Trachonitis, may have joined in charging his half brother with misgoverning Judaea, but with little benefit to himself.

Less extravagant a ruler than his brothers, he avoids prolonged trips to Rome, instead traveling extensively in his territory and devoting his time to his subjects.

The Jewish rebellion is led by Isaac of Diocesarea (also known as Isaac of Sepphoris), which is aided by a certain Patricius, also known as Natrona, a name with messianic connotations, and has its epicenter in the town of Diocesarea.

The revolt begins with a night assault on the Roman garrison, which is destroyed, and allows the Jews to procure the necessary weapons.

Subsequently the rebels kill the people of different ethnicities, like the Greeks and the Samaritans.

Gallus  in 351 or 352 sends his magister equitum, Ursicinus, to forcefully put down the revolt.

Diocaesarea is razed to the ground; …

The ever-mounting hostility in Palestine between Christians and Jews has resulted in severe curtailment of Jewish disciplinary rights over their coreligionists, interference in the collection of patriarchal taxes, restriction of the right to build synagogues, and, finally, upon the death of the patriarch Gamaliel VI in about 425, the diversion of the Jewish tax to the imperial treasury and the abolition of the patriarchate as well as the Jewish office of Nasi (prince), the last remnant of the ancient Sanhedrin, thus ending the last semblance of Jewish political autonomy in Palestine.