The Italian Guelph and Ghibelline factions fight in the Battle of Campaldino on June 11, 1289; the Guelph victory secures their position of power in Florence, though internecine fighting among the Whites and Blacks among the Florentine Guelphs will result in civic disturbances and the exile of many, including notable medieval Italian poet Dante Alighieri (a member of the Whites, the faction more opposed to papal power).
