The Prince-Bishopric of Würzburg is an ecclesiastical principality of the Holy Roman Empire located in Lower Franconia west of the Prince-Bishopric of Bamberg.

Würzburg had been a diocese since 743.

As definitely established by the Concordat of 1448, bishops in Germany are chosen by the canons of the cathedral chapter and their election is later confirmed by the pope.

Following a common practice in Germany, the prince-bishops of Würzburg are frequently elected to other ecclesiastical principalities as well.

The last few prince-bishops reside at the Würzburg Residence, which is one of the grandest baroque palaces in Europe.As a consequence of the 1801 Treaty of Lunéville, Würzburg, along with the other ecclesiastical states of Germany, is secularized in 1803 and absorbed into the Electorate of Bavaria.

In the same year Ferdinand III, former Grand Duke of Tuscany, is compensated with the Electorate of Salzburg.