The Vinča culture is a Neolithic archaeological culture of southeastern Europe, dated to the period 5500–4500 BCE.

Named for its type site, Vinča-Belo Brdo, a large tell settlement discovered by Serbian archaeologist Miloje Vasić in 1908, it is thought to represent the material remains of a prehistoric tribal society chiefly characterized by their settlement pattern and ritual behavior.

The Vinča culture further adapted the Neolithic package of farming technology, imported into the region during the First Temperate Neolithic, to the local climate, fueling a population boom that made Vinča settlements among the largest in prehistoric Europe.

While there is no indication the network of Vinča settlements were politically unified, they maintained a high degree of cultural uniformity through the long-distance exchange of ritual items.

Various styles of zoomorphic and anthromorphic figurines are associated with the culture, as are the Vinča symbols, which are conjectured to be an early form of proto-writing.

Though not conventionally considered part of the Chalcolithic or "Copper Age", the Vinča culture provides the earliest known example of copper metallurgy.