In April 534, the old Roman provincial system along with the full apparatus of Roman administration is restored, under a praetorian prefect.

The province enters an era of relative stability and prosperity, and is organized as a separate exarchate in 584.

Eventually, under Heraclius, Libya and Africa come to the rescue of the Empire itself, deposing the tyrant Phocas and beating back the Sassanids and the Avars.In 642 Moslem Arabs start to conquer Libya.

The Arabs succeed only in driving the imperial presence from Tripoli in 645, but by 670 Roman Libya is no more.