The Timurid Empire is a Persianate empire comprising modern-day Iran, the Caucasus, Mesopotamia, Afghanistan, much of Central Asia, as well as parts of contemporary Pakistan, Syria, India, Anatolia.

It is founded by the warlord Timur (also known as Tamerlane) of Turco-Mongol lineage, who establishes the empire between 1370 and his death in 1405.The ruling Timurid dynasty or Timurids lose most of Persia to the Ag Qoyunlu confederation in 1467, but members of the dynasty continue to rule smaller states, sometimes known as Timurid emirates, in Central Asia and parts of India.

In the sixteenth century, Babur, a Timurid prince from Ferghana (modern Uzbekistan), invades Kabulistan (modern Afghanistan) and establishes a small kingdom here, and from here twenty years later he invades India to establish the Mughal Empire.