Syria Palæstina is a Roman province between 135 CE and about 390 CE.

It is established by the merger of Roman Syria and Roman Judaea, following the defeat of the Bar Kokhba Revolt in 135 CE.

In 193 CE, Syria-Coele is split to form a separate provincial locality.

Syria Palaestina becomes part of the splinter Palmyrene Empire for a brief period of 260-272 CE, but is restored under Roman central authority.

Eventually the province becomes reorganized under Byzantium as part of the Diocese of the East, which includes it as the provinces of Syria Prima, Phoenicia, Palaestina Prima and Palaestina Secunda.