The Duchy of Silesia with its capital at Wroclaw is a medieval duchy located in the historic Silesian region of Poland.

Soon after it is formed under the Piast dynasty in 1138, it fragments into various Duchies of Silesia.

In 1327, the remaining Duchy of Wrocław as well as most other duchies ruled by the Silesian Piasts passes to the Kingdom of Bohemia.

The acquisition is completed when King Casimir III the Great of Poland renounces his rights to Silesia in the 1335 Treaty of Trentschin.