The Shakya (Sakya and Sakiya are a clan of the late Vedic period (1000-500 BCE) and so-called "second urbanisation" (c. 600 BCE–200 BCE) in India and present-day Nepal, and are attested from Buddhist scriptures in the late Iron Age (c.600–300 BCE).

The Shakyas form an independent oligarchic  republican state known as the Śākya Gaṇarājya.

The Shakya capital is Kapilavastu, which may have been located either in present-day Tilaurakot, Nepal or present-day Piprahwa, India.

The best-known Shakya is Siddhartha Gautama Shakya, who is the founder of Buddhism (c. sixth to fourth centuries BCE) and comes to be known as Gautama Buddha.

Siddhartha is the son of Śuddhodana, the chosen leader of the Śākya Gaṇarājya.