The Electorate of Saxony (German: Kurfürstentum Sachsen, also Kursachsen), sometimes referred to as Upper Saxony, is a State of the Holy Roman Empire.

It wis established when Emperor Charles IV raises the Ascanian duchy of Saxe-Wittenberg to the status of an Electorate by the Golden Bull of 1356.

Upon the extinction of the House of Ascania, it is enfeoffed to the Margraves of Meissen from the Wettin dynasty in 1423, who move the residence up the Elbe river to Dresden.

After the Empire's dissolution in 1806, the Wettin electors raise Saxony to a kingdom.