The Rössen Culture (German: Rössener Kultur) is a Central European culture of the middle Neolithic (4,600–4,300 BCE).

It is named after the necropolis of Rössen (part of Leuna, in the Saalekreis district, Saxony-Anhalt).

The Rössen Culture has been identified in 11 of the 16 states of Germany (it is only absent from the Northern part of the North German Plain), but also in the southeast Low Countries, northeast France, northern Switzerland and a small part of Austria.The Rössen culture is important as it marks the transition from a broad and widely distributed tradition going back to Central Europe's earliest Neolithic LBK towards the more diversified Middle and Late Neolithic situation characterized by the appearance of complexes like Michelsberg and Funnel Beaker Culture.