Romanians (dated: Rumanians or Roumanians; or—historically, but now a seldom-used regionalism—rumâni; dated exonym: Vlachs) are a nation and ethnic group native to Romania that share a common Romanian culture, ancestry, and speak the Romanian language as a mother tongue, as well as by citizenship or by being subjects to the same country.

The Romanian citizenship law legislated in March 1991 establishes the rights of second and third generation descendants of Romanian citizens to obtain a Romanian citizenship, if they speak fluent Romanian and are able to demonstrate sufficient knowledge in Romanian history and culture.

89.4 percent of Romania's people declared themselves as Romanians at the 2002 Romanian Census.In one interpretation of the census results in Moldova, Moldovans are counted as Romanians, which would mean that the latter form part of the majority in that country as well.

Romanians are also an ethnic minority in several nearby countries.