The Red River Colony (or Selkirk Settlement) is a colonization project set up by Thomas Douglas, 5th Earl of Selkirk in 1811 on 300,000 square kilometers (120,000 sq mi) of land granted to him by the Hudson's Bay Company under what is referred to as the Selkirk Concession.

The colony along the Red River of the North is never very successful.

Changes during the development of Canada in the 19th century lead to the colony's forming the basis of what is today Manitoba, although much of its original territory is now part of the United States.The Selkirk Concession, also known as Selkirk's Grant, includes the portions of Rupert's Land, or the watershed of Hudson Bay, bounded on the north by the line of 52° N latitude roughly from the Assiniboine River west to Lake Winnipegosis, then by the line of 52° 30′ N latitude from Lake Winnipegosis to Lake Winnipeg, and then by the Winnipeg River, Lake of the Woods and Rainy River; on the west roughly by the current boundary between Saskatchewan and Manitoba; and on the south by the (mostly very slight) rise of land marking the extent of the watershed.

This covers portions of present-day southern Manitoba, northern Minnesota and eastern North Dakota, in addition to small parts of eastern Saskatchewan, northwestern Ontario and northeastern South Dakota.