Puerto Rico (Spanish for "Rich Port"; abbreviated PR), officially the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico (Spanish: Estado Libre Asociado de Puerto Rico, lit. "Free Associated State of Puerto Rico") and briefly called Porto Rico, is an unincorporated territory of the United States located in the northeast Caribbean Sea, approximately one thousand miles (sixteen hundred kilometers) southeast of Miami, Florida.

An archipelago among the Greater Antilles, located between the Dominican Republic and the US Virgin Islands, Puerto Rico includes the eponymous main island and several smaller islands, such as Mona, Culebra, and Vieques.

The capital and most populous city is San Juan.

The territory's total population is approximately 3.4 million. Spanish and English are the official languages of the executive branch of government, though Spanish predominates.

Originally populated by the indigenous Taíno people, Puerto Rico is colonized by Spain following the arrival of Christopher Columbus in 1493.

It is contested by the French, Dutch, and British, but remains a Spanish possession for the next four centuries.

The island's cultural and demographic landscapes are shaped by the displacement and assimilation of the native population, the forced migration of enslaved Africans, and settlement from the Canary Islands and Andalusia.

In the Spanish Empire, Puerto Rico plays a secondary but strategic role compared to wealthier colonies like Peru and New Spain.

Spain's distant administrative control continues up to the end of the nineteenth century, producing a distinctive creole Hispanic culture and language that combinesindigenous, African, and European elements

On September 23, 1868, Ramón Emeterio Betances unleashes a revolt against Spanish rule,.

This revolt, known as El Grito de Lares, is eventually put down by Spanish forces, but the movement continues.

In 1898, following the Spanish–American War, the United States acquires Puerto Rico under the terms of the Treaty of Paris.

Puerto Rico remains an unincorporated territorial possession, making it one of the oldest colonies in the Western Hemisphere.

Puerto Ricans have been citizens of the United States since 1917, and enjoy freedom of movement between the island and the mainland.

As it is not a state, Puerto Rico does not have a vote in the United States Congress, which governs the territory with full jurisdiction under the Puerto Rico Federal Relations Act of 1950.

However, Puerto Rico does have one non-voting member of the House called a Resident Commissioner.

As residents of a U.S. territory, American citizens in Puerto Rico are disenfranchised at the national level and do not vote for the president or vice president of the United States, and only some residents pay federal income tax.

Like other territories and the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico does not have U.S. senators.

Congress approves a local constitution in 1952, allowing U.S. citizens of the territory to elect a governor.

Puerto Rico's future political status has consistently been a matter of significant debate.

In early 2017, the Puerto Rican government-debt crisis poses serious problems for the government.

The outstanding bond debt has climbed to $70 billion at a time of an unemployment rate of 12.4%.

The debt had been increasing during a decade-long recession.

This is the second major financial crisis to affect the island after the Great Depression when the U.S. government, in 1935, provided relief efforts through the Puerto Rico Reconstruction Administration.

On May 3, 2017, Puerto Rico's financial oversight board in the U.S. District Court for Puerto Rico files the debt restructuring petition which is made under Title III of PROMESA.

By early August 2017, the debt is $72 billion with a 45% poverty rate.

In late September 2017, Hurricane Maria makes landfall in Puerto Rico, causing devastating damage.

The island's electrical grid is largely destroyed, provoking the largest power outage in American history.

Recovery efforts are slow in the first few months, and over to hundred thousand residents have moved to the mainland state of Florida alone by late November 2017.