The Piankeshaw (or Piankashaw) Indians are Native Americans, and members of the Miami Indians who live apart from the rest of the Miami nation.

They live in an area that now includes western Indiana and Ohio, and are closely allied with the Wea Indians.

Piankeshaw villages have been reported along the White River in central Indiana, and along the Vermilion River in Illinois, near Ouiatenon.

The Piankashaw were living along the Vermilion river in 1743.