Pannonia Prima is a Roman province formed in the year 296, during the reign of Emperor Diocletian.

Previously, it was a part of the province of Pannonia Superior, which, along with Pannonia Inferior, is gradually divided into four administrative units: Pannonia Prima, Pannonia Secunda, Valeria, and Savia.

This transition is completed by the time of Constantine.

According to the Notitia Dignitatum, Pannonia Prima is governed by a Praeses.