New Hebrides is the colonial name for an island group in the South Pacific that now forms the nation of Vanuatu.

The New Hebrides are colonized by both the British and French in the 18th century shortly after Captain James Cook visits the islands.

The two countries eventually sign an agreement making the islands an Anglo-French condominium, which lasts from 1906 until 1980, when the New Hebrides gain their independence as Vanuatu.The Condominium divides the New Hebrides into two separate communities — one Anglophone and one Francophone.

This divide continues even after independence, with schools either teaching in one language or the other, and between different political parties.