Mousterian is a name given by archaeologists to a style of predominantly flint tools (or industry) associated primarily with Homo neanderthalensis and dating to the Middle Paleolithic, the middle part of the Old Stone Age.

It was named after the type site of Le Moustier, a rock shelter in the Dordogne region of France.

Similar flintwork has been found all over unglaciated Europe and also the Near East and North Africa.

Handaxes, racloirs and points constitute the industry; sometimes a Levallois technique or another prepared-core technique was employed in making the flint flakes.