The Medang or Mataram Kingdom was a Hindu–Buddhist kingdom that flourished between the 8th and 10th centuries CE.

It was based in Central Java, and later in East Java.

Established by King Sanjaya, the founder of the Sanjaya dynasty, the kingdom was ruled by the Sailendra and Sanjaya families.

By 850, the kingdom had become the dominant power in Java and was a serious rival to the hegemonic Srivijaya Empire.