The Duchy of Luxemburg is a state of the Holy Roman Empire, the ancestral homeland of the noble House of Luxembourg.

The House of Luxemburg, now actually the Duke of Limburg, becomes one of the most important political forces in the fourteenh century, contending with the House of Habsburg for supremacy in Central Europe.

They will become the heirs to the Přemyslid dynasty in the Kingdom of Bohemia, succeed to the Kingdom of Hungary, and contribute four Holy Roman Emperors, until their own male line comes to an end and the House of Habsburg gets the pieces, as the two Houses had actually agreed in the Treaty of Brünn in 1364.